Carla Shalaby’s book draws compelling portraits of four “troublemakers”—unique, delightful children who do not happen to conform to their schools’ rules. The more we get to know these kids and their families, the more the (white/middle class/neurotypical/etc.) schools’ norms start to seem arbitrary, biased, and ultimately harmful to true education rather than helpful. The book raises many questions as to who, exactly has the problem when using the label “problem children.”